Development and reform of the curriculum of engineering ethics education in biology and medicine under the background of "new engineering" / 生物工程学报

The "new engineering" concept requires that in addition to laying a solid professional foundation, engineering colleges and universities in China should also pay attention to improving the humanistic quality and developing a professional ethics education in training the engineering and technical talents. One important way is to carry out the engineering ethics education. By referring to the mature case-teaching ideas around the world and combining the practical experience accumulated in recent years, this paper focuses on the curriculum development and teaching reform of engineering ethics for students studying biological and medical engineering, from the perspectives of case selection and teaching method innovation. It also introduces some typical case studies, and summarizes the teaching effect analyzed from questionnaire.

Las tecnologías de información y comunicación en el aprendizaje del estudiante en tiempos de COVID-19 / Information and communication technologies in student learning in times of COVID-19

Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) han sido herramientas vitales en la interacción humana de cara a la pandemia COVID-19, permitiendo la virtualidad de muchas actividades cotidianas que de otro modo configurarían un riesgo biológico inherente del contacto físico. Por ello, fue necesaria la adopción de TIC como elementos formadores no presenciales en la educación superior, permitiendo el desarrollo pedagógico y la interacción docente-estudiante desde los hogares. En esta investigación se buscó determinar la influencia de las TIC en el aprendizaje de 450 estudiantes universitarios del Perú, en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19, En general, las TIC transmisivas obtuvieron mayores proporciones de accesibilidad (87%), usabilidad (81%) e influencia en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes (73%) en comparación a las interactivas (Figura 1), siendo las TIC activas las de menor percepción en las tres dimensiones. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se propone una relación positiva entre el aprendizaje del estudiante universitario y la adopción de herramientas TIC durante el período de pandemia COVID-19 (p=0,076). Los buscadores, las videconferencias, las páginas web, las plataformas académicas, los repositorios y los tutoriales multimedia, ejercen la mayor influencia positiva en el proceso educativo. No obstante, los estudiantes de las ciencias de la salud mostraron más aversión a establecer TIC en su aprendizaje, mientras que los alumnos de ingeniería mostraron mayor receptividad a su aplicación(AU)

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been vital tools in human interaction in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing the virtuality of many daily activities that would otherwise configure an inherent biological risk of physical contact. For this reason, it was necessary to adopt ICT as non-face-to-face training elements in higher education, allowing pedagogical development and teacher-student interaction from home. This research sought to determine the influence of ICT on the learning of 450 Peruvian university students, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.In general, transmissive ICT obtained higher proportions of accessibility (87%), usability (81 %) and influence on student learning (73%) compared to interactive ones (Figure 1), with active ICT being the least perceived in all three dimensions. According to the results obtained, a positive relationship is proposed between university student learning and the adoption of ICT tools during the COVID-19 pandemic period (p = 0.076). Search engines, video conferences, web pages, academic platforms, repositories, and multimedia tutorials exert the greatest positive influence on the educational process. However, health science students showed more aversion to establishing ICT in their learning, while engineering students showed greater receptivity to its application(AU)

Research on the application of music-based psychological adjustment in improving postgraduates' mental health / Pesquisa sobre a aplicação do ajuste psicológico baseado na música na melhoria da saúde mental de pós-graduados / Investigación sobre la aplicación del ajuste psicológico musical en la mejora de la salud mental de los graduados

ABSTRACT At present, the mental health problem of postgraduates is still in the highest position, which directly affects the level of intellectual performance in social work. While mastering professional knowledge, it also requires postgraduates to have higher ideological and psychological qualities. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, this study takes the concept and advantages of music-based psychological adjustment as a theoretical basis and, through a large number of questionnaires, combined with the psychological characteristics of science and engineering postgraduates, we use the comparative method, the statistical analysis method and the experimental method to study the influence of music-based psychological adjustment on the mental health level of science and engineering postgraduates. It further illustrates that music promotes communication between man and nature. Music promotes communication between people and society. Music promotes communication between people and their inner world. Music can also build people's faith and find the home of the soul. It emphasizes the influence of music on postgraduates' emotions. The purpose of this is to build a reasonable and perfect music therapy system, so as to further enrich and strengthen the connotation and effect of mental health education in colleges and universities.

RESUMO Atualmente, o problema de saúde mental dos pós-graduados continua em sua posição mais elevada, o que afeta directamente o nível de exercício intelectual no trabalho social. Além de dominar o conhecimento profissional, também é necessário que os pós-graduados tenham qualidades ideológicas e psicológicas mais elevadas. Com base em pesquisas internas e externas, este estudo toma o conceito e as vantagens do ajuste psicológico baseado na música como base teórica e, através de diversos questionários, combinados com as características psicológicas dos pós-graduados da área de ciência e engenharia, usamos o método comparativo, o método de análise estatística e o método experimental para estudar a influência do ajuste psicológico com base na música no nível de saúde mental dos pós-graduados em ciências e engenharia. Também ilustramos que a música promove a comunicação entre o homem e a natureza. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e a sociedade. A música promove a comunicação entre as pessoas e seu mundo interior. A música também pode construir a fé das pessoas e encontrar a casa da alma. Este estudo enfatiza a influência da música nas emoções dos pós-graduados. O presente estudo visa construir um sistema de terapia musical razoável e perfeito, de modo a enriquecer e fortalecer ainda mais a conotação e o efeito do sistema educacional em saúde mental em faculdades e universidades.

RESUMEN En la actualidad, el problema de salud mental de los posgraduados se encuentra todavía en la posición más alta, esto incide directamente en el nivel de desempeño intelectual en el trabajo social. Además de dominar el conocimiento profesional, también es necesario que los posgraduados tengan cualidades ideológicas y psicológicas superiores. Sobre la base de investigaciones nacionales y extranjeras, este estudio toma como base teórica el concepto y las ventajas del ajuste psicológico basado en la música. Por medio de un gran número de cuestionarios, combinados con las características psicológicas de los posgraduados en ciencias e ingeniería, utilizamos el método comparativo, el método de análisis estadístico y el método experimental para estudiar la influencia del ajuste psicológico basado en la música en la salud mental de los graduados en ciencias e ingeniería. Además, muestra que la música estimula la comunicación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, así como entre las personas y la sociedad y entre las personas y su mundo interior. La música también puede fortalecer la fe de las personas y encontrar el hogar del alma. Cabe destacar la influencia de la música en las emociones de los posgraduados. El propósito de esto es construir un sistema de musicoterapia razonable y perfecto, a fin de enriquecer y fortalecer aún más la connotación y el efecto de la educación en salud mental en colegios y universidades.

O estudo das falácias no ensino de engenharia / The study of fallacies in engineering teaching

Este trabalho discute a inclusão do estudo de falácias no ensino de engenharia. A estratégia depesquisa adotada foi Estudo de Caso. Presumiuse a priori que os estudantes, por não terem recebido uma formação específica sobre falácias,não apresentariam habilidade para reconhecê-las ou interpretá-las, o que foi confirmado por meio de testes empíricos. Contudo, após acompanharum minicurso de poucas horas sobre o tema, mostraram-se capazes de reconhecer as falácias contidas nos textos que lhes foram apresentados,inclusive de áreas do conhecimento distintas das trabalhadas durante o minicurso.

Academic and career factors in the choice of post-secondary education program of medicine, engineering or business administration

To identify the academic and career-related factors significant in the choice of a career in medicine, engineering or business at the post-secondary level. The study was a cross sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire with the study variables, academic factors: academic performance, cost of program, duration of program, location of academy and transportation to academy and career factors: job opportunity, security, salary, social respect, working conditions, and work stress. A total of 403 students enrolled in the post-secondary education programs of medicine [135], engineering or business [134 each], at two universities in Ajman participated in the study. The questionnaire asked the participants about the influences in their choice into their respective program. Data were analyzed with predictive analytic software version 18.0. Frequencies, percentages, Chi-square test for association and logistic regression were used for drawing inferences. Around 30% of business students were older than 22 years, and 15% among engineering and medicine students. Business students had 77% females and the others 66%. The academic factors found significant in choosing medicine were academic performance and location of institute, for business the location of institute and for engineering none. Majority of business students perceived career-related factors as most influential: job opportunity [70%], security [51%], salary [55%] and social respect [55%]. The response rate was similar for engineering, but to a lower extent [54%, 40%, 41%, and 49%]. Social respect and job security topped for medicine [45%] along with academic performance [40%]. The factors that influenced business students, identified by adjusted odds ratio, were academic performance, the location of institution and the availability of opportunities. The academic factors found to be significant in this study can be used to assist in career programs in providing guidance to choose a career

Dental anxiety among university students and its correlation with their field of study

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the subjective ratings of dental anxiety levels among university students enrolled at Jordan University of Science and Technology. In addition, the present study aimed to explore the sources of dental anxiety and the impact of gender on the perceived dental anxiety and the correlation between field of study and dental anxiety level.Material and Methods: The Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was used to measure dental anxiety among the study population. Six hundred subjects were recruited into the study from Jordanian undergraduate students from the faculties of Medicine, Engineering, and Dentistry. Results: Five hundred and thirty five complete questionnaires were returned, which accounts for a response rate of 89.2%. The totals of the mean anxiety scores were the following: Medical students, 13.58%; Engineering students, 13.27% and dental students, 11.22%. About 32% of the study population has scored 15 or more. Dental students had the lowest percentage of those who scored 15 or more. Surprisingly, the medical students were responsible for the highest percentage of those who scored 15or above. Although women demonstrated statistically higher total dental anxiety scores than men (p= 0.03), the difference between both genders was small and could be clinically insignificant. The students were anxious mostly about tooth drilling and local anesthetic injection. Conclusion: Lack of adequate dental health education may result in a high level of dental anxiety among nondentaluniversity students in Jordan. Further studies are required to identify the correlates of dental anxiety among university students.

A inserção da engenharia biomédica nos cursos de graduação de engenharia elétrica no Brasil / The insertion of biomedical engineering in electrical engineering undergraduate courses in Brazil

A inserção de temas específicos da Engenharia Biomédica (EB) nos cursos de graduação em Engenharia Elétrica (EE) foi examinada em levantamento da oferta de disciplinas nesta área, realizado nos 214 cursos de EE que possuem dados sobre as grades curriculares e disciplinas em seus sítios na internet. Foram levantadas informações sobre os cursos de pós-graduação (PG) em EB existentes no Brasil, relacionadas à oferta de disciplinas de EB na graduação. Nossos dados indicam que apenas 7,5% dos cursos de EE examinados possuem pelo menos uma disciplina de EB, concentrados nas escolas públicas (87,5%) e nas regiões sul e sudeste do país (75%). Nestes poucos cursos, foram identificadas 40 disciplinas de EB. Apenas 11 delas oferecem introdução geral aos diferentes aspectos da área; os 3/4 restantes restringem-se a aspectos específicos de subáreas da EB. Além disso, 87,5% destas disciplinas são de caráter eletivo (ou não-obrigatório), com abordagem exclusivamente teórica dos temas (14,0% do total de horas-aula nas disciplinas de EB). Dos 10 programasde PG em EB, 60,0% estão em IES cujos cursos de EE possuem disciplinas específicas EB; 62,5% das disciplinas de EB são oferecidas por IES que não têm programas de PG na área, indicando pouca correlação entre a existência de um programa de PG em EB e a oferta de conteúdos nesta área para a graduação em EE. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de inserção mais substancial e estruturada de temas de EB nos cursos de graduação em EE, em especial nas instituições privadas de ensino, e de estímulo a uma maior contribuição dos programas de PG no ensino de graduação em EE.

The present study surveyed the disciplines on Biomedical Engineering (BE) offered in 214 Electrical Engineering (EE) undergraduate courses in Brazilian Universities. Data on discipline content and other characteristics, as well as their association with graduate courses, were gathered from Internet sites in August and September, 2007. Our data indicate that only 7.5% of the Brazilian EE courses present at least one discipline on EB themes, greatly concentrated in public institutions and in the more developed south/southeast states. In only 25% of these few courses there are introductory disciplines presenting most of the different EB areas. In the remaining courses, only specific aspects of particular EB areas are presented in a fragmentary, isolated and non contextualized way. Furthermore, 87.5% of these EB disciplines are optional in the curriculium, and practical classes or approaches were offered in only 14% of the total class schedule. While 62.5% of the EB disciplines are offered by institutions that have graduating courses in EB, only 60% of the Brazilian graduation courses are involved in undergraduate EB disciplines. These data point to the need of a more structured and intensive inclusion of EB themes in the undergraduate courses (particularly in private institutions), as well as to the importance of a closer involvement of graduate courses in undergraduate instruction.

Construcción de un instrumento de preferencias vocacionales para la carrera de ingeniería: el inventario IPVI / Construction of an instrument of vocational preferences for engineering careers: the IPVI inventory

El presente artículo expone el proceso de construcción y las propiedades psicométricas más importantes de un instrumento de preferencias vocacionales que pretende constituirse en una herramienta de apoyo para la toma de decisión vocacional en estudiantes que aspiran a cursar la carrera de ingeniería. El instrumento podría ayudar a la clarificación de las opciones posibles que una persona tiene dentro de la misma carrera, de acuerdo con las diferentes especialidades. El IPVI originalmente incluía 14 sub-escalas que se correspondían con las especialidades de ingeniería que se dictan en una universidad nacional en Venezuela. Se estudió la estructura factorial subyacente a los datos locales, con una muestra de 174 estudiantes de la carrera de ingeniería, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 16 y 24 años, a través de un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación varimax y solución Kaiser. Así mismo, la consistencia interna del instrumento y cada una de las sub-escalas a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Se hizo el análisis de componentes principales y se elaboró una nueva versión de siete (7) dimensiones que se administró a una muestra de 456 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 25 años, de una importante institución de educación superior venezolana. Los factores encontrados apoyan las dimensiones propuestas en el segundo estudio, obteniéndose así siete (7) sub-escalas que conforman la versión definitiva. Se discutirán algunas propiedades psicométricas e implicaciones para el asesoramiento vocacional.

The main purpose of this work is to present the construction process and the most important psychometrical properties of a vocational preference test which we hope will prove to be a useful tool to help future engineering students make vocational decisions. The test may help to clarify the possible options within the general areas of study, according to the different specializations available. Originally, the IPVI included 14 subscales that corresponded to the same number of engineering specializations offered in a Venezuelan university. The factorial structure underlying local data was studied through a sample of 174 engineering students, males and females, between 16 and 24 years old, via a factorial analysis of the consistency of the instrument and each subscale through Cronbach Alpha coefficient. An analysis of the main components was carried out and a new version of seven categories was made which was administrated to a sample of 456 students of both sexes, of ages between 16 and 25, from an important Venezuelan higher education institution. The factors found support the proposed dimensions in the second study. Some psychometric properties and implications for vocational counseling will be discussed.

An experiment with PBL in higher education as appraised by the teacher and students

A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (Problem-based Learning ou PBL) tem sido reconhecida mundialmente como uma abordagem instrucional capaz de promover a aquisição de conhecimentos pelos alunos ao mesmo tempo que os ajuda a desenvolver habilidades e atitudes profissionais desejáveis. Ao contrário de outros métodos convencionais que usam problemas de aplicação depois que a teoria foi apresentada, a PBL utiliza um problema para iniciar, enfocar e motivar a aprendizagem de novos conceitos. Este trabalho apresenta e discute os pontos de vista dos alunos e professor sobre uma implementação da PBL em uma disciplina de Teoria Geral de Administração de um currículo de engenharia de uma universidade pública no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas não estruturadas, observação participante e um questionário respondido pelos alunos ao final do semestre. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de aumentar a carga de trabalho para o professor e os alunos, ambos avaliaram a PBL positivamente por ser mais motivadora e dinâmica